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This set of methods allows basic radiance aspects to be investigated using Planck, Wien, and Stefan-Boltzmann Laws.
Could be of interest for those interested in some of the basic ideas behind Climate Science.
The material can be found at: https://github.com/ameyenn/planck
In the link below I have placed an R program script, markdown and datafile
I have lost the header detail about how I created the datafile (!!) I will do my best to re-create.
I have been experimenting and learning R and how to plot networks.
I developed a test data set representing some of the free trade and world trade agreements.
The link to the code, markdown file, and data file is here.
SIR model
In the model, the variable trans is the rate of infection per day and recov is the rate infected persons move to recovered persons. Hence, if an infected person can during their infectious period of n days infects on average say 4 people trans = 4/n. If the average infectious period is n days then 1/n recover each day.
Ro = trans/recov, if > 1 there is spread
example: assume mean recovery period is 8 days, hence recov = 1/8 = 0.125 and that an infectious person can infect 5 people in 8 days, hence set trans = 5/8 = 0.625. This gives Ro = 0.625/0.125 = 5, which > 1 hence spread.
1-1/Ro gives an estimate of the herd immunity percentage, using our example we have 1-1/5 = 0.80 suggesting a threshold of 80% of the population needs to be fully vaccinated to see a gradual decline in infections.
****Please let me know if I have these concept incorrect
https://www.geogebra.org/m/wk6tbw6r
SIR Model using a Spreadsheet
To get a handle on what 80% herd immunity means we need to consider first that there are around 4,700,000 children aged less than 15 (19% of the population), assume this is the cut-off age for vaccination. Hence we are really talking about 80% of the remaining adults and this would give around 4,000,000 adults who would not be vaccinated. Together 40% of our 25m would be unvaccinated. Let’s get an estimate of cases and deaths.
Look at the models and use different parameters. You will see that the curve representing infections peaks at around the top of the green curve – 50%! of the unvaccinated and some much smaller percentage vaccinated.
In the UK they currently have about 30,000 cases per day (this includes children) from an unvaccinated adult population of 8m and 13m children less than 15. If we extrapolate that to Australia we get a very rough approximation of 12,000 cases per day. There would also be a death rate of around 15-20 per day or 600 per month. Both cases and deaths would decrease as further vaccination percentage increased.
Please note these figures are purely estimates to show the dimension of the cases.
As has been reported in the News, there are around 160,000 deaths per year in Australia, Flu accounts for approximately 700-800 deaths per year and it fluctuates yearly, currently, there are few direct deaths from Flu. Pneumonia deaths are about 3500 per year and some of these are related to the Flu.
ref: ABC 9/9/2021 and a few of my own picks
To reverse the direction of a model train you can use two main options.
This video link shows is the simplest option and least expensive option. Watch the video and it saves me drawing.
You need two points or turnouts, here we use two RH ones.
Both are connected to the main loop. The top points accepts the train coming in clockwise direction. Our aim is to get the train to come out traversing counterclockwise. Thus the points need to be set, firstly to take the train off and then to allow the train to move back onto the main track.
Both points are connected with a separate track, its length and shape depends on dimensions of your layout.
This section of track needs to be isolated with its own power. I have placed the isolation sections at the end of each point to the connecting track.
The polarity of this isolated track will match that of the incoming train.
As the train enters the isolated section you need to switch the polarity of the outer track in this video to counterclockwise wise. The train will then travers the point and move back onto the outer track in the opposite direction.
Thought I would do a series of wordclouds and sentiment graphs each day from Australia using data from twitter.
Basic searchkey’s are “trump election” and then “biden election”, very simple and some overlap. 5000 tweets are sampled.
The wordcloud is formed from taking counts of the most groups of 5 words.
The sentiment graph is taken using a method that attempts to account for the use of negation eg not like is considered negative but like is positive.
22/10/2020 midday EST Australia
“trump election”
Sentiment
5 word phases wordcloud
“biden election”
Sentiment
Wordcloud
